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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Innate Lymphoid Cells: 10 Years On.

Eric Vivier1, David Artis2, Marco Colonna3

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Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are crucial for tissue homeostasis, immune responses, and repair. Recent advances refine ILC classification and highlight their roles in metabolism and tissue regeneration.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are lymphocytes lacking diversified antigen receptors.
  • ILCs are tissue-resident and integral to immune regulation and tissue homeostasis.
  • Over the past decade, ILC research has reshaped understanding of immune responses to microbes and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and distill advances in ILC biology over the last decade.
  • To refine the nomenclature and categorization of ILCs.
  • To highlight the multifaceted roles of ILCs in tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, metabolism, repair, and regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on ILC biology.
  • Analysis of transcriptional networks regulating ILC development.
  • Assessment of the impact of tissue microenvironments on ILC plasticity and function.

Main Results:

  • ILCs are key players in mucosal immunity, adaptive immunity potentiation, and inflammation control.
  • ILC functions extend to metabolic homeostasis, tissue remodeling, and neuro-immune interactions.
  • Advances in understanding transcriptional regulation and microenvironmental influences necessitate re-evaluation of ILC classification.

Conclusions:

  • ILCs are critical for maintaining tissue health, development, metabolism, and repair.
  • A refined understanding of ILC biology supports updated nomenclature and classification.
  • ILCs represent a vital link between immunity and broader physiological processes beyond classical immunology.