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Absolute and Local Extreme Values01:22

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The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
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The centroid is an important concept in engineering, physics, and mechanics. It is the geometric center of a body. It always lies within the body except in cases with holes or cavities. When the material that a body is composed of is uniform or homogeneous, the centroid coincides with its center of mass or the center of gravity.
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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children
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Recurrent Unexplained Cystitis Due to an Ingested Foreign Body-An Extremely Rare Case.

Arshed Hussain Parry1, Abdul Haseeb Wani1, Mohd Ilyas1

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A child

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Gastroenterology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Ingested foreign bodies are rare causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
  • Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract by foreign bodies can lead to complex presentations.
  • Pediatric cases often go unnoticed due to delayed symptom presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of recurrent UTIs caused by an ingested foreign body.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges in pediatric patients with unusual foreign body ingestions.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering gastrointestinal perforation in unexplained UTIs.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 4-year-old male with recurrent UTIs.
  • Diagnostic imaging to identify the cause of UTIs.
  • Surgical and clinical management review.

Main Results:

  • A wooden foreign body was identified as the cause of UTIs.
  • The foreign body had perforated the small bowel and lodged in the posterior bladder wall.
  • Recurrent UTIs resolved after management of the foreign body.

Conclusions:

  • Ingested wooden foreign bodies can cause severe complications, including UTIs via bowel perforation.
  • This case represents a rare presentation of a foreign body complication in a child.
  • Early recognition and management are crucial for favorable outcomes in pediatric foreign body ingestions.