Polar Organic Gate Dielectrics for Graphene Field-Effect Transistor-Based Sensor Technology
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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection
Published on: February 1, 2022
Kevin A Kam1, Brianne I C Tengan2, Cody K Hayashi3
1Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. kamkevin@hawaii.edu.
Abstract:
We have pioneered the use of liquid polar organic molecules as alternatives to rigid gate-dielectrics for the fabrication of graphene field-effect transistors. The unique high net dipole moment of various polar organic molecules allows for easy manipulation of graphene's conductivity due to the formation of an electrical double layer with a high-capacitance at the liquid and graphene interface. Here, we compare the performances of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, propionamide, and valeramide as polar organic liquid dielectrics in graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs). We demonstrate improved performance for a GFET with a liquid dielectric comprised of DMSO with high electron and hole mobilities of 154.0 cm²/Vs and 154.6 cm²/Vs, respectively, and a Dirac voltage <5 V.
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