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Molecular mechanisms of viral oncogenesis in humans

Nathan A Krump1, Jianxin You2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Nature Reviews. Microbiology
|August 26, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Seven oncogenic viruses cause cancer by targeting host cells. Understanding viral oncogenesis mechanisms can help identify new cancer causes and develop treatments for virus-associated cancers.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Viral infections are a significant cause of global cancer.
  • Seven known oncogenic viruses contribute to cancer development.
  • Shared host cell targets and pathways are implicated in viral tumorigenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of viral oncogenesis in humans.
  • To highlight recent advances in understanding virus-driven cancer.
  • To explore the potential for identifying new infectious cancer causes and developing therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of viral oncogenesis.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms.
  • Discussion of host-pathogen interactions.

Main Results:

  • Oncogenic viruses manipulate host cellular signaling pathways.
  • Viral manipulation of DNA damage responses contributes to cancer.
  • Alterations in immunity and microRNA targets by viruses promote tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding viral oncogenesis is crucial for cancer research.
  • This knowledge can lead to novel therapeutic and preventive strategies for virus-associated cancers.
  • Identifying shared molecular targets offers opportunities for intervention.

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