Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.

The Nitrogen Cycle

The Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...

The Dot Product

The Dot Product

Measuring how one directional quantity affects another along a specific path involves comparing their orientation and strength. When two such quantities are represented using direction and amount, a numerical result is computed to show how much one acts along the path of the other. This result comes from a rule combining both inputs' horizontal and vertical parts and adding the results.This calculation gives a single value that grows larger when both inputs point in similar directions and...

Dot Product

Dot Product

The dot product is an essential concept in mathematics and physics.
In engineering, the dot product of any two vectors is the product of the magnitudes of the vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. It is denoted by a dot symbol between the two vectors.
Consider a vehicle pulling an object along the ground using a rope. If the rope makes an angle with the horizontal axis, the work done can be calculated using the dot product of the force applied and the object's displacement.
The dot...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Advances in the Application of Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Machine Learning for Biomarker Detection in Saliva.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Same author

Kaempferol Improves Alzheimer's Disease by Inhibiting Neuronal Ferroptosis via Activating GPX4/AKR1C3 Signaling Pathway.

Pharmacology research & perspectives·2026

Same author

Brucella abortus outer membrane protein modulates host immunity via B-cell receptor-associated protein.

AMB Express·2026

Same author

Detection of Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A in Serum Using a Polypyrrole-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Electrochemical Immunosensor.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

A nanoplatform for hypoxia-responsive co-delivery of an NQO1 enzyme-responsive pterostilbene prodrug and phenanthriplatin for multi-mechanistic cervical cancer therapy.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research·2026

Same author

Retraction Note: A water-soluble nucleolin aptamer-paclitaxel conjugate for tumor-specific targeting in ovarian cancer.

Nature communications·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Published on: October 23, 2014

Electrochemiluminescent aptasensor for thrombin using nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots.

Yasamin Nasiri Khonsari¹, Shiguo Sun²

¹State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116023, China.

Mikrochimica Acta

|August 26, 2018

Summary

This study presents a new electrochemiluminescent aptasensor for detecting thrombin (a blood protein). The sensor uses modified graphene oxide and chitosan, achieving high sensitivity and accuracy in plasma samples.

Keywords:

Amino-modified aptamer Aptamer Chitosan Electrochemiluminescence Glassy carbon electrode Human plasma samples Modified electrode Quantum dots Three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene oxide

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Cd-free InP/ZnS Quantum Dots Suitable for Biomedical Applications

Synthesis of Cd-free InP/ZnS Quantum Dots Suitable for Biomedical Applications

Published on: February 6, 2016

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Published on: October 23, 2014

Synthesis of Cd-free InP/ZnS Quantum Dots Suitable for Biomedical Applications

Synthesis of Cd-free InP/ZnS Quantum Dots Suitable for Biomedical Applications

Published on: February 6, 2016

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Biosensors
Materials Science

Background:

Thrombin is a critical biomarker in hemostasis and thrombosis.
Existing methods for thrombin detection can be complex and time-consuming.
Development of sensitive and rapid detection methods is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel electrochemiluminescent (ECL) aptasensor for sensitive thrombin determination.
To utilize three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (3D-NGO) and chitosan for enhanced electrode performance.
To validate the aptasensor's efficacy in biological samples.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with 3D-NGO and chitosan.
Immobilization of an amino-modified aptamer onto the modified electrode.
Detection of thrombin based on the decrease in ECL signal upon aptamer-thrombin interaction.
Analysis of spiked human plasma samples.

Main Results:

The modified electrode exhibited strong ECL emission.
The aptasensor showed a linear response to thrombin from 1 fM to 1 nM.
A low detection limit of 0.25 fM was achieved.
High recovery rates (94-105%) and low relative standard deviations (<3.6%) were obtained in human plasma.

Conclusions:

The developed ECL aptasensor offers a highly sensitive and reliable method for thrombin detection.
The combination of 3D-NGO and chitosan provides an excellent platform for biosensing applications.
This method holds promise for clinical diagnostics and biomedical research.