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Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
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Structural brain maturation differs between preterm and term piglets, whereas brain activity does not.

A M Plomgaard1, A D Andersen2, T H Petersen3

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|August 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in preterm piglets revealed advanced functional brain maturation but less mature white matter microstructure, suggesting potential for preclinical models of infant brain development.

Keywords:
ElectroencephalographyMagnetic resonance imagingPreterm infant brain modelPreterm piglet and piglet model

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Preterm birth poses significant risks for brain development and immaturity.
  • Assessing brain maturation in preterm infants is crucial for understanding long-term outcomes.
  • Preclinical models are essential for studying brain development and potential interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing functional, microstructural, and anatomical brain maturation in preterm piglets.
  • To determine if these methods can reflect functional brain immaturity observed in preterm piglets.
  • To explore the utility of preterm piglets as a preclinical model for human infant brain development.

Main Methods:

  • 31 preterm and 10 term piglets underwent aEEG on days 1, 2, 4, and 11.
  • Cerebral MRI was performed on day 25 postnatally.
  • Physical activity levels were monitored alongside neuroimaging and electrophysiological assessments.

Main Results:

  • Preterm piglets exhibited delayed neonatal arousal and physical activity compared to term piglets.
  • While aEEG patterns and MRI mean diffusivity were similar, preterm piglets showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) (p < 0.001), indicating less mature white matter microstructure.
  • Preterm piglets had reduced growth rates and brain volume.

Conclusions:

  • Functional brain maturation, assessed by aEEG, appeared relatively advanced in preterm piglets.
  • Lower FA in preterm piglets at postnatal day 25 suggests persistent white matter microstructural immaturity compared to term controls.
  • These findings support the potential use of preterm piglets in preclinical research for human infant brain development and disorders.