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Atomic Orbitals02:44

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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
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Orbital lymphoma.

Tine Gadegaard Olsen1, Steffen Heegaard2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|August 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Orbital lymphomas, primarily B-cell in origin, are most common in the elderly. Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma is the most frequent subtype, with prognosis depending on histopathology and stage.

Keywords:
characteristicsepidemiologylymphomaorbitpathologysurvivaltreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Orbital lymphomas represent a significant portion of ocular adnexal lymphomas.
  • Analysis of 2211 orbital lymphoma cases from 1994-2017 reveals key epidemiological and etiological insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the epidemiological features and subtypes of orbital lymphomas.
  • To investigate the prognostic indicators and treatment strategies for orbital lymphomas.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of a large cohort of orbital lymphoma cases.
  • Classification based on histopathological subtype and clinical stage.

Main Results:

  • Orbital lymphomas are predominantly of B-cell origin (97%), with extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZL) being the most common (59%).
  • Disease incidence peaks in the elderly, with gender distribution varying by subtype; EMZL and follicular lymphoma show female predominance, while mantle cell lymphoma has a male predominance.
  • Histopathological subtype and clinical stage are critical prognostic factors; low-grade lymphomas (EMZL, FL) have a good prognosis, whereas high-grade lymphomas (DLBCL, MCL) have a poor prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma is the predominant subtype of orbital lymphoma.
  • Prognosis is strongly linked to lymphoma grade, guiding treatment decisions.
  • Radiotherapy is the primary treatment for solitary low-grade lymphomas; chemotherapy is indicated for disseminated and high-grade disease.