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Biological and Social Influences on the Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants

Alice C Burnett1, Jeanie L Y Cheong2, Lex W Doyle3

  • 1Premature Infant Follow-Up Program, The Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Neonatal Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.

Clinics in Perinatology
|August 27, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Outcomes for children born preterm vary widely. Biological and social factors, alongside early behavioral issues and family influences, significantly impact long-term development and mental health.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Very preterm birth and very low birthweight are known risks for developmental challenges.
  • Outcomes for preterm-born individuals exhibit significant variability.
  • Understanding the interplay of biological and social factors is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the spectrum of developmental outcomes in children born preterm.
  • To identify biological and social variables influencing long-term development.
  • To understand correlates of behavioral and mental health difficulties in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on preterm birth outcomes.
  • Analysis of biological and social determinants of development.
  • Examination of associations between early factors and later outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Perinatal factors are linked to neurosensory impairments (e.g., cerebral palsy, blindness, deafness).
  • Cognitive and academic outcomes show variable associations with biological and social factors.
  • Early behavioral problems and family influences are strong predictors of mental health.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental trajectories for preterm-born children are influenced by a complex interplay of factors.
  • Early identification of behavioral issues and supportive family environments are key for positive outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms driving developmental variability.

Keywords:
BehaviorBiomarkersCognitionEnvironmentNeurodevelopmentNeurosensoryPreterm infant

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