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How cellular Zn2+ signaling drives physiological functions.

Noam Levaot1, Michal Hershfinkel1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, POB 653, Ben-Gurion Ave., Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel.

Cell Calcium
|August 27, 2018
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Summary

Zinc ions (Zn2+) are vital micronutrients regulating cell function and survival. This review explores recent findings on how zinc signaling and its transporters impact physiological and pathological processes, highlighting therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
BoneCancerEpitheliaImmune systemInflammationMammary glandNeurological diseasesZIPZincZinc biologyZinc signalingZinc transportersZn(2+)ZnR/GPR39ZnT

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Zinc (Zn2+) is an essential micronutrient crucial for numerous aspects of human health.
  • Cellular Zn2+ homeostasis is vital for cell function and survival, with Zn2+ acting as a signaling messenger.
  • Transient changes in Zn2+ concentrations regulate cellular processes through various mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the roles of Zn2+ and its transporters in physiological and pathological processes.
  • To highlight the significance of Zn2+ signaling in cellular functions.
  • To discuss evolving therapeutic strategies targeting Zn2+ homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes recent scientific literature.
  • It focuses on studies investigating Zn2+ transport and signaling pathways.
  • The review examines the impact of Zn2+ on cellular functions and disease.

Main Results:

  • Zn2+ transients, regulated by metallothioneins, ZnT/ZIP transporters, and vesicular release, modulate signaling pathways.
  • Zn2+ signaling activates receptors like ZnR/GPR39 and influences proteins involved in cell function.
  • Zn2+ regulates critical cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, ion transport, and secretion.

Conclusions:

  • Zn2+ homeostasis and signaling are critical for maintaining cellular health and function.
  • Dysregulation of Zn2+ signaling is implicated in various pathological conditions.
  • Targeting Zn2+ homeostasis presents promising avenues for novel therapeutic interventions.