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Screening for musculoskeletal problems in children using a questionnaire.

Yohei Tomaru1, Hiroshi Kamada2, Yuta Tsukagoshi1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.

Journal of Orthopaedic Science : Official Journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association
|August 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study evaluated a new questionnaire for musculoskeletal health in students. The questionnaire showed unsatisfactory accuracy and reliability, indicating a need for improved screening methods in pediatric musculoskeletal examinations.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Public Health Screening
  • Musculoskeletal Health

Background:

  • Mandatory musculoskeletal extremity examinations were enforced in Japan from April 2016.
  • University-based direct musculoskeletal examinations began in 2008, with questionnaire use expanding in 2016.
  • This study aimed to assess the reliability and effectiveness of a marksheet-type questionnaire for musculoskeletal screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the results of a mandatory musculoskeletal examination in elementary and junior high school students.
  • To investigate the association between musculoskeletal examination findings and student age/gender.
  • To evaluate the reliability and accuracy of a marksheet-type screening questionnaire compared to direct examination.

Main Methods:

  • Direct musculoskeletal examinations were conducted by orthopedic surgeons on students in K school.
  • A marksheet-type screening questionnaire was distributed to elementary and junior high school students in Tsukuba and Hitachiomiya cities.
  • Data collected included rates of abnormal findings for scoliosis, joint laxity, flat feet, and other conditions, with sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratios calculated.

Main Results:

  • 1844 students underwent direct examination, and 22,494 questionnaires were analyzed.
  • Abnormal findings rates varied between direct examination and questionnaire responses for conditions like scoliosis and standing flexion.
  • The questionnaire demonstrated low sensitivity for several conditions, including scoliosis (16.8%) and torticollis (18.9%).

Conclusions:

  • The study reported results from a musculoskeletal examination of students.
  • The accuracy and reliability of the marksheet-type questionnaire were found to be unsatisfactory.
  • Improvements in screening methods are necessary to enhance the quality of pediatric musculoskeletal examinations.