Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026
06:59
Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
Published on: November 13, 2016
11.4K
Intravenous ketamine in status epilepticus
1Department of Neurology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg and Christian Doppler Medical Center, Salzburg, Austria.
Epilepsia
|August 28, 2018
Summary
Ketamine (KET) shows promise for treating refractory status epilepticus (SE) when other drugs fail. This review of 25 studies found KET effective in 73-74% of cases, with rare adverse events, but more research is needed.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Status epilepticus (SE) is a common neurological emergency.
- Refractory SE involves maladaptive cellular changes and increased NMDA receptor activity.
- Standard treatments may become ineffective in refractory SE.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and analyze published studies on ketamine (KET) for SE treatment.
- To evaluate the efficacy and safety of KET in managing refractory SE.
- To identify gaps in current research regarding KET for SE.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed (December 1996 - March 2017).
- Included 25 studies: mostly retrospective case reports and series, with two prospective case series.
- Analyzed data from 244 SE episodes treated with KET in adults and children.
Main Results:
- Overall success rate for KET in SE was 74% in adults and 73% in children.
- Adverse events associated with KET treatment were reported as rare.
- Evidence primarily consists of low-level evidence (case reports/series).
Conclusions:
- Ketamine (KET) demonstrates potential as a treatment for refractory status epilepticus (SE).
- Current evidence is largely based on retrospective data, necessitating further investigation.
- Prospective studies are required to confirm KET's efficacy and safety in SE management.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Marcia's Theory of Identity Status
1.6K
James Marcia's identity status model provides a framework for understanding how adolescents navigate identity formation through varying degrees of exploration and commitment. Marcia's model builds on Erik Erikson's theories of psychosocial development, focusing specifically on how adolescents reconcile individual aspirations with societal expectations. His model describes identity formation as a dynamic process where adolescents move between different states depending on their level...
1.6K
01:22Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography
1.5K
IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
1.5K
01:16Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia
1.4K
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
One of the advantages of...
1.4K
01:50Cross-Sectional Research
12.6K
In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
12.6K
02:40Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions
46.7K
A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...
46.7K
02:32Osmoregulation in Fishes
53.1K
When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
53.1K