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Surrogate labour: exceptional for whom?

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This summary is machine-generated.

Commercial gestational surrogacy in India is rising, yet claims of exceptional exploitation ignore the complex lived experiences of participants. A nuanced understanding, not a ban, is needed for assisted reproductive technologies.

Keywords:
Indiaassisted reproductionclinical labourexploitationsurrogacysurrogate mother

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Sociology
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) services are rapidly expanding globally, particularly in India.
  • Commercial gestational surrogacy (CGS) faces populist narratives alleging exceptional exploitation and advocating for bans.
  • Existing critiques often frame surrogacy through sensationalist headlines, neglecting empirical realities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically analyze common assertions regarding the exploitative nature of commercial gestational surrogacy.
  • To challenge the notion of "exceptionalism" often applied to surrogacy practices.
  • To advocate for context-specific ethical evaluations of surrogacy, considering lived experiences.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative analysis integrating insights from anthropology, history of science, and law.
  • Extended fieldwork conducted in Mumbai, Jaipur, and Delhi, India.
  • Critical examination of three key assertions: bodily exploitation, affective labor, and generative labor.

Main Results:

  • Arguments framing surrogacy as uniquely exploitative lack empirical support when subjected to detailed analysis.
  • Surrogacy involves complex social, economic, and personal dimensions that defy simplistic "exceptional" labels.
  • The lived experiences of all participants are crucial for understanding the practice.

Conclusions:

  • Commercial gestational surrogacy should not be judged by universal ethical principles alone.
  • Ethical assessments must consider the sociological and geographical contexts of surrogacy.
  • A nuanced, context-aware approach is necessary to understand and regulate surrogacy practices.