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Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Transcription Factors02:16

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Interferon Regulatory Factor 9 Structure and Regulation.

Alvin Paul1, Thean Hock Tang1, Siew Kit Ng1

  • 1Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.

Frontiers in Immunology
|August 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) is key to antiviral immunity. Its dual role in disease protection and exacerbation is puzzling, prompting a review of its structure-function relationship.

Keywords:
JAK-STATantiviral defenseinnate immunityinterferon regulatory factor 9interferon-stimulated genestype I interferons

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) is crucial for type I interferon antiviral responses.
  • IRF9's involvement in non-communicable diseases is emerging, presenting a paradoxical role in protection and exacerbation.
  • The regulatory mechanisms of IRF9 in various disease states remain largely unelucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural basis of IRF9.
  • To understand how IRF9 structure influences its regulation and interactions.
  • To explore IRF9's role in antiviral immunity and other diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on IRF9 structure and function.
  • Analysis of structural data, including DNA-binding and IRF-associated domains.
  • Synthesis of information on IRF9's regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • IRF9 forms part of the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 complex.
  • Structural homology of IRF9's DNA-binding domain offers insights into its function.
  • Recent resolution of IRF9's IRF-associated domain structure provides a basis for understanding its regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding IRF9's structural features is essential for deciphering its regulatory mechanisms.
  • IRF9's structure-function relationship is key to its dual role in immunity and disease.
  • Further research into IRF9 structure will advance knowledge in antiviral immunity and non-communicable diseases.