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To analyze a hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel with a flow speed of 6 meters per second, follow these steps:Calculate Effective Upstream Velocity:When the downstream gate closes, a hydraulic jump forms, traveling upstream at 2 meters per second. This wave speed combines with the initial channel flow velocity, creating an effective upstream velocity.Identify Flow Velocities Before and After the Hydraulic Jump:Upstream of the hydraulic jump, the effective flow velocity includes both the...
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A hydraulic jump is a sudden rise in fluid depth in open channels, occurring when high-velocity (supercritical) flow transitions to low-velocity (subcritical) flow. This phenomenon requires an upstream Froude number greater than 1, as flows with Fr1<1 remain subcritical, making a hydraulic jump impossible due to the need for negative head loss, which violates thermodynamic principles.The characteristics of a hydraulic jump depend on the upstream Froude number and are classified as...
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Kidney hump, no need to jump!

Abhilash Koratala1, Deepti Bhattacharya1

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.

Clinical Case Reports
|August 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The dromedary hump, a bulge on the left kidney, is a common benign variant caused by the spleen. It can appear similar to kidney cancer on imaging but has normal blood flow.

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Anatomical Variants
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The dromedary hump is a focal bulge on the lateral border of the left kidney.
  • It results from extrinsic pressure by the spleen, known as splenic impression.
  • This finding can be mistaken for a renal neoplasm on medical imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the imaging characteristics of the dromedary hump.
  • To differentiate this benign variant from renal neoplasms.
  • To highlight its appearance on Doppler sonography.

Main Methods:

  • Review of imaging studies demonstrating the dromedary hump.
  • Analysis of sonographic features, including echogenicity and vascularity.
  • Comparison with adjacent renal cortex and confirmed renal neoplasms.
Keywords:
dromedary humppseudotumorspleenultrasonography

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Main Results:

  • The dromedary hump exhibits identical imaging characteristics to the adjacent renal cortex.
  • Doppler sonography reveals a normal blood flow pattern within the dromedary hump.
  • No malignant features were observed, confirming its nature as an anatomic variant.

Conclusions:

  • The dromedary hump is a benign anatomic variant of the left kidney.
  • It is reliably identified by its similar echogenicity and normal vascularity compared to the renal parenchyma.
  • Radiologists should be aware of this entity to avoid misdiagnosis of renal neoplasm.