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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Food Safety
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent synthetic chemicals linked to adverse health outcomes.
  • PFASs migrate from grease-resistant food packaging into food, elevating dietary exposure.
  • Fast food packaging is a potential source of widespread PFAS contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and levels of fluorine and PFASs in fast food packaging across the United States.
  • To assess the contribution of food packaging to dietary PFAS exposure.
  • To understand the implications for environmental contamination.

Main Methods:

  • Collected approximately 400 food contact papers, paperboard, and beverage containers from US fast food restaurants.
  • Measured total fluorine content using particle-induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) spectroscopy.
  • Analyzed a subset of samples for specific PFASs using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS).

Main Results:

  • 46% of food contact papers and 20% of paperboard samples showed detectable fluorine levels.
  • LC/HRMS detected various PFASs and unidentified polyfluorinated compounds.
  • Samples with high total fluorine often had higher PFAS concentrations, though some contained other fluorinated compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Fast food packaging is a significant source of PFASs, contributing to dietary exposure.
  • The widespread use of these chemicals in packaging raises concerns for human health and the environment.
  • Further research is needed to identify all fluorinated compounds present and their specific risks.