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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Bioluminescence Imaging to Detect Late Stage Infection of African Trypanosomiasis
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[Pathogen Identification for An Imported Case with African Trypanosomiasis].

Yi Sun, Wei-hua Huang, Zi-guang Niu

    Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Parasitology & Parasitic Diseases
    |August 28, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Laboratory diagnosis confirmed an imported case of human African trypanosomiasis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microscopy identified Trypanosoma brucei gambiense as the causative agent in this patient.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Parasitology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Molecular Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease.
    • Imported cases require accurate and timely laboratory diagnosis.
    • Distinguishing between Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is crucial for treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To conduct laboratory diagnosis for an imported case of human African trypanosomiasis.
    • To identify the specific pathogen responsible for the infection.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical and epidemiological data collection.
    • Microscopic examination of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) stained with Wright-Giemsa.
    • Molecular detection using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with specific primers for Trypanosoma sp. expression site-associated gene (ESAG), Trypanosoma brucei gambiense specific glycoprotein (TgsGP), 18S rRNA (M18S-Ⅱ-Tb), and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense specific serum resistance associated (SRA) gene.
    • Complete blood count, blood chemistry, and CSF analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Patient presented with lower extremity weakness, lymph node swelling, somnolence, anemia, electrolyte imbalance, and elevated globulin levels.
    • Epidemiological history indicated potential exposure in the Republic of Gabon, Africa, with insect bites.
    • Microscopic examination revealed trypanosome flagella in peripheral blood.
    • PCR amplification yielded positive results for ESAG, TgsGP, and M18S-Ⅱ-Tb genes.

    Conclusions:

    • The combined clinical, epidemiological, and molecular findings led to the diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection.
    • This case highlights the importance of integrated diagnostic approaches for imported HAT cases.