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Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
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A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy
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[Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome].

Rodrigo A Sepúlveda1, Rodrigo Tagle1, Aquiles Jara1

  • 1Departamento de Nefrología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Revista Medica De Chile
|August 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare condition affecting young adults, often leading to kidney failure. Advances in understanding complement pathways and new therapies like eculizumab offer improved outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Hematology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare thrombotic microangiopathy.
  • Characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal involvement, often leading to end-stage renal disease.
  • Primarily affects young adults, with causes stemming from genetic mutations in the alternative complement pathway or secondary triggers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of aHUS.
  • To highlight recent advances in understanding complement-related renal diseases.
  • To discuss the impact of specific biologic therapies on aHUS management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aHUS.
  • Analysis of genetic mutations and their impact on disease severity and prognosis.

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  • Evaluation of therapeutic strategies, including eculizumab.

    • Main Results:

    • Primary aHUS is linked to genetic mutations in the alternative complement pathway.
    • Secondary aHUS arises from external factors, potentially combined with genetic predisposition.
    • Eculizumab has shown efficacy in achieving hematologic remission and restoring renal function in primary aHUS.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding complement defects is crucial for managing aHUS.
    • Specific biologic therapies, such as eculizumab, have transformed aHUS treatment.
    • Further research into aHUS pathogenesis and treatment is warranted.