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GNSS-Assisted Integrated Sensor Orientation with Sensor Pre-Calibration for Accurate Corridor Mapping.

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Accurate aerial mapping is improved by pre-calibrating sensors on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This integrated sensor orientation (ISO) method enhances accuracy, even with suboptimal flight paths, reducing the need for ground control points.

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Area of Science:

  • Photogrammetry
  • Geomatics Engineering
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Advancements in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) enable precise aerial data acquisition.
  • Integrated sensor orientation (ISO) using GNSS-assisted bundle block adjustment (BBA) is a key technique for accurate camera pose determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of sensor pre-calibration on photogrammetric accuracy, particularly in challenging acquisition geometries.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of ISO for merging diverse image blocks (nadir and oblique) without physical constraints.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted multiple UAV flights over a dike, collecting data with a metric camera and GNSS receiver.
  • Employed GNSS-assisted BBA with multi-lever-arm estimation for integrated sensor orientation.
  • Applied a pre-calibrated sensor model to a less optimal corridor acquisition scenario.

Main Results:

  • Merging nadir and oblique image blocks improved overall accuracy and facilitated effective sensor self-calibration.
  • Applying the pre-calibrated sensor model significantly enhanced accuracy in a poor acquisition geometry.
  • Achieved centimetric accuracy in a 600m corridor scene with one ground control point (GCP).
  • Attained an accuracy of 3.9 cm without any GCPs when using the pre-calibrated sensor.

Conclusions:

  • Sensor pre-calibration is crucial for achieving high accuracy in UAV-based photogrammetry, especially with suboptimal flight planning.
  • The ISO approach effectively merges different image configurations and improves geometric accuracy.
  • The study demonstrates the potential for highly accurate mapping with minimal ground control when leveraging pre-calibrated sensors.