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An Improved Velocity Estimation Method for Wideband Multi-Highlight Target Echoes in Active Sonar Systems.

Shuxia Huang1, Shiliang Fang2, Ning Han3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. 13404133160@163.com.

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Summary

Active sonar struggles with velocity estimation due to overlapping echoes. A new sliding window method improves performance by focusing on dominant target highlights and using Doppler characteristics of hyperbolic-frequency modulated signals.

Keywords:
Doppler tolerancehyperbolic-frequency modulated waveformmulti-highlight echosliding window matchingwideband ambiguity function

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Signal Processing
  • Marine Technology

Background:

  • Active sonar systems face challenges in velocity estimation due to Doppler-scaled reflections from multiple target highlights overlapping in time and frequency.
  • Hyperbolic-frequency modulated (HFM) signals are used for moving targets due to Doppler tolerance, but precise velocity estimation remains difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model target echoes considering multi-highlights and constant velocity in active sonar.
  • To analyze velocity estimation performance using conventional methods like matched filters and wideband ambiguity functions.
  • To propose and evaluate an improved velocity estimation method for HFM signals in sonar systems.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling sonar echoes as a superposition of Doppler-scaled reflections from multi-highlights.
  • Analyzing velocity estimation performance with matched filters and wideband ambiguity functions.
  • Developing an improved method using a sliding window matching algorithm with a designed window that exploits HFM signal Doppler characteristics.

Main Results:

  • The study confirms that multi-highlights significantly influence velocity estimation performance in sonar.
  • The proposed sliding window method effectively controls noise and interference by focusing on dominant target highlights.
  • Simulations and lake experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the improved method compared to conventional matched filters.

Conclusions:

  • The multi-highlight nature of target echoes is a critical factor affecting sonar velocity estimation accuracy.
  • The developed sliding window matching algorithm offers a more effective approach for precise velocity estimation with HFM signals in challenging sonar environments.
  • This improved method enhances the reliability of velocity estimation for moving targets in active sonar applications.