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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Overview
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Diffusion01:12

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Viral Mutations00:36

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
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Perspectives on IDH Mutation in Diffuse Gliomas.

Yu-Ting Su1, Funita P Phan1, Jing Wu1

  • 1Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.

Trends in Cancer
|August 29, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations help classify diffuse gliomas. Understanding IDH-mutant glioma biology and developing preclinical models are vital for discovering new therapies for patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Cancer Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations serve as critical biomarkers for classifying diffuse gliomas into distinct biological subgroups.
  • Extensive research has focused on elucidating the multifaceted biology of IDH-mutant gliomas, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of preclinical models in understanding IDH-mutant gliomas.
  • To highlight the role of these models in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for IDH-mutant glioma patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of current research on IDH-mutant gliomas.
  • Focus on the utility of preclinical models in cancer research.

Main Results:

  • IDH mutations are key for glioma subclassification.
  • Preclinical models are essential for advancing the understanding of IDH-mutant gliomagenesis.
  • These models are critical for evaluating new therapeutic agents.

Conclusions:

  • Continued investigation into IDH-mutant glioma biology is necessary.
  • Development and utilization of robust preclinical models are paramount for therapeutic innovation.
  • Effective therapies for IDH-mutant glioma patients depend on a deep understanding of tumor biology and advanced preclinical research.