Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Management of Long-Standing Flaccid Facial Palsy: Midface/Smile: Locoregional Muscle Transfer
James A Owusu1, Kofi Derek Boahene2
1Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Mid-Atlanatic Permanente Medical Group, 8008 Westpark Drive, McLean, VA 22102, USA.
Abstract:
Masseter and temporalis muscle transfer is an effective technique for restoring facial symmetry and commissure excursion in flaccid facial paralysis. Adherence to the principles and biomechanics of muscle transfer is essential for achieving optimal results. Muscle transfer has the advantage of being single staged with fast recovery of function. It is particularly useful in patients with low life expectancy or multiple comorbidities where a more complex, multiple stage procedure may be detrimental.
Related Concept Videos
Muscles for Facial Expressions
Standing Waves
Modes of Standing Waves - I
Modes of Standing Waves: II
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end....
Standing Waves in a Cavity
Standing Electromagnetic Waves
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...

