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Methods of Documentation I: Source-Oriented Records01:18

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Source-oriented records, or SOR, are medical record-keeping organized by the data source. The SOR system was first developed in the mid-1900s to organize the growing patient data in hospitals and other healthcare facilities.
In an SOR, each discipline involved in patient care maintains a separate medical record section. This record-keeping method enables easy tracking of patient progress and ensures healthcare staff have access to up-to-date information.
Key Attributes include the following:
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Velocity and Position by Integral Method01:13

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If acceleration as a function of time is known, then velocity and position functions can be derived using integral calculus. For constant acceleration, the integral equations refer to the first and second kinematic equations for velocity and position functions, respectively.
Consider an example to calculate the velocity and position from the acceleration function. A motorboat is traveling at a constant velocity of 5.0 m/s when it starts to decelerate to arrive at the dock. Its acceleration is...
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Velocity and Position by Graphical Method01:34

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Velocity and position can be calculated from the known function of acceleration as a function of time. The total area under the acceleration-time graph and the velocity-time graph gives the change in velocity and position, respectively. In the case of an airplane, its acceleration is tracked using the inertial navigation system. The pilot provides the input of the airplane's initial position and velocity before takeoff. The inertial navigation system then uses the acceleration data to...
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Virtual Work01:20

Virtual Work

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The principle of virtual work states that if a body is in static and dynamic equilibrium, then the sum of all the virtual work done by all external forces and couple moments for any given virtual displacement must be zero.
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Location and Orientation of the Heart01:13

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The human heart, despite its modest size and weight, is an organ of remarkable strength and endurance. Roughly the size of a fist, the heart weighs between 250 and 350 grams and is nestled within the mediastinum, the medial cavity of the thorax. It extends obliquely for about 12 to 14 cm, resting on the superior surface of the diaphragm. The heart is positioned anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum, with two-thirds of its mass lying to the left of the midsternal line.
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Position-effect Variegation02:32

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Foveation Pipeline for 360° Video-Based Telemedicine.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior
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A Walking-in-Place Method for Virtual Reality Using Position and Orientation Tracking.

Juyoung Lee1, Sang Chul Ahn2,3, Jae-In Hwang4,5

  • 1Center for Imaging Media Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea. jyleegoo@kist.re.kr.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new Virtual Reality (VR) navigation method, Walking-In-Place (WIP), using headset tracking. It achieves 99.32% step accuracy, outperforming previous sensor-based techniques for immersive virtual travel.

Keywords:
gaithead-mounted displaymotion analysisposition and orientation trackingvirtual realityvirtual velocitywalking-in-place

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The use of Biofeedback in Clinical Virtual Reality: The INTREPID Project
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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Virtual Reality
  • Navigation Systems

Background:

  • Infinite virtual environments lack standardized navigation methods in Virtual Reality (VR).
  • Existing Walking-In-Place (WIP) techniques, while reducing simulator sickness, often require cumbersome body-worn sensors.
  • Previous Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)-based WIP methods improved sensor placement but suffered from inaccurate step recognition during non-WIP body motions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, sensor-free Walking-In-Place (WIP) navigation method for VR.
  • To enhance the stability and accuracy of WIP step recognition compared to existing IMU-based approaches.
  • To enable natural and intuitive locomotion in virtual environments using readily available VR hardware.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a new WIP method leveraging position and orientation tracking data from PC-based VR Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs).
  • Implemented a system that does not require additional body-worn sensors, simplifying user experience.
  • Applied a saw-tooth function for virtual velocity to achieve naturalistic movement simulation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high WIP step recognition accuracy of 99.32%, irrespective of head tilt.
  • Demonstrated a 0% error rate for squat motions, a common point of failure in previous methods.
  • Successfully distinguished between intentional (jog-in-place) and unintentional body motions, recognizing only the former.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed VR navigation method offers a stable and accurate, sensor-free alternative to IMU-based WIP.
  • This technique significantly improves step recognition accuracy and robustness against extraneous body movements.
  • The integration of virtual velocity enables natural navigation, making it suitable for diverse VR applications requiring locomotion.