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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
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Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
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Chronic Pediatric Pain in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Camila B Walters1, J Matthew Kynes2, Jenna Sobey3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37209, USA. camila.walters@vanderbilt.edu.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
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PubMed
Summary

Chronic pediatric pain is a significant global health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where access to adequate pain management services is severely limited, leaving many children untreated and suffering.

Keywords:
chronic pediatric painlow income countrylow- and middle-income countrymiddle-income countrypediatric palliative care

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Area of Science:

  • Pain Medicine
  • Pediatrics
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Chronic pain significantly impacts pediatric patients' quality of life, leading to mental health issues and functional decline.
  • The burden of chronic pediatric pain is disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
  • Inadequate or nonexistent pain services in LMICs result in a large population of children with chronic pain remaining untreated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on the burden of chronic pediatric pain in LMICs.
  • To identify barriers to accessing pain treatment for children in these regions.
  • To examine current strategies and efforts for treating pediatric chronic pain in LMICs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies focusing on chronic pediatric pain in LMICs.
  • Analysis of data regarding prevalence, treatment barriers, and existing interventions.
  • Synthesis of findings to highlight the scope of the problem and potential solutions.

Main Results:

  • Significant gaps exist in pain management services for children with chronic pain in LMICs.
  • Key barriers include lack of trained personnel, insufficient resources, and limited awareness.
  • Many children in LMICs with chronic pain receive no or inadequate treatment, leading to prolonged suffering.

Conclusions:

  • Prioritizing awareness and advocacy for pediatric chronic pain in LMICs is crucial.
  • Urgent development and implementation of accessible pain management strategies are needed for this vulnerable population.
  • Addressing the identified barriers is essential to improve outcomes for children suffering from chronic pain in LMICs.