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Great apes demonstrate planning skills by preparing tools for future use. An orangutan innovated tool securing behavior, anticipating future need, suggesting advanced cognitive abilities in primates.

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Area of Science:

  • Primate cognition
  • Animal behavior
  • Comparative psychology

Background:

  • Observational reports indicate great apes engage in tool-oriented actions for future use.
  • Some observations suggest planning, even when the tool's target is absent.
  • Experimental investigation of such planning ability in apes is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate planning abilities in great apes related to tool use.
  • To explore the factors influencing tool-securing behavior in orangutans.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were designed, inspired by an orangutan's spontaneous tool-securing behavior.
  • Experiment 1 assessed tool securing based on anticipated future use.
  • Experiment 2 examined the influence of tool size and weight on securing behavior.

Main Results:

  • Orangutans predominantly secured tools when future use was anticipated.
  • Tool securing rarely occurred when no future use was foreseen.
  • Atypical tool size and/or weight were identified as potential triggers for securing the tool.

Conclusions:

  • Orangutans exhibit innovative tool-securing behavior.
  • This behavior suggests anticipation of future tool requirements.
  • Findings provide experimental evidence for planning abilities in orangutans related to tool use.