Early morpho-functional changes in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: a prospective cohort study

Giulio Ruberto1, Carlo Bruttini2, Carmine Tinelli3

  • 1Ophthalmic Clinic, San Matteo Hospital, viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy. rubertog@smatteo.pv.it.

Summary

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment can cause early retinal changes. Multifocal electroretinograms (mfERGs) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) detected these alterations before significant vision loss occurred in patients with rheumatic diseases.

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