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Rhinosinusitis symptoms, smoking and COPD: Prevalence and associations
Guilherme Pilla Caminha1,2, Emilio Pizzichini1, José Faibes Lubianca Neto3
1Department of Internal Medicine, NUPAIVA Research Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Brazil.
Objective (S):
To estimate the prevalence and associations among rhinosinusitis symptoms, smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Setting:
Population-based.
Participants:
All adults aged 40 years or more living in the selected households in the city of Florianópolis (Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil).
Main Outcome Measures:
Assessment instruments comprised household interviews, anthropometric measurements and spirometry. Rhinosinusitis symptoms were based on the responses to the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) questionnaire; smoking status was defined by the criteria of the CDC, and the functional diagnosis of COPD was done by spirometry.
Results:
The prevalence (n = 1056) of rhinosinusitis symptoms, smoking and COPD was 14.7%, 17.9% and 8.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that, with the exception of COPD, all other clinical variables (smoking, previous diagnosis of rhinitis, previous diagnosis of gastritis/ulcer/gastroesophageal reflux, and symptoms of depression) remained associated with higher prevalence of rhinosinusitis symptoms.
Conclusions:
Rhinosinusitis symptoms were common both in smokers and in patients with COPD. However, only tobacco was significantly associated with rhinosinusitis symptoms and can act as a cofounder in the association between COPD and rhinosinusitis symptoms.
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