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Interrelation between gluconeogenesis and hepatic protein synthesis.

M S Ayuso, P Vega, C G Manchón

    Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
    |August 6, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Glucagon and fatty acids inhibit protein synthesis in rats by affecting gluconeogenesis, not NAD levels. This effect is dependent on adrenal function, highlighting its role in regulating cellular energy and protein production.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Biology
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Glucagon is a key hormone regulating glucose metabolism.
    • The precise mechanisms by which glucagon influences protein synthesis are not fully understood.
    • Adrenalectomy significantly alters hormonal responses and metabolic pathways.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of glucagon and fatty acids in hepatic protein synthesis.
    • To elucidate the involvement of the NAD system and adrenal function in these processes.
    • To explore the relationship between protein synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and adenine nucleotide phosphorylation.

    Main Methods:

    • In vivo administration of glucagon and fatty acids to rats.
    • Assessment of hepatic polypeptide chain elongation rates.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurement of hepatic cyclic AMP and NAD system reduction state.
  • Analysis of gluconeogenic flux and adenine nucleotide phosphorylation.

    • Main Results:

    • Glucagon acutely inhibited hepatic protein synthesis by 30% in normal rats, an effect absent in adrenalectomized rats.
    • Fatty acids mimicked glucagon's inhibitory effect on protein synthesis in normal rats but not in adrenalectomized rats.
    • Both glucagon and fatty acids increased the reduction state of the NAD system, ruling it out as a mediator.
    • A strong correlation was observed between the inhibition of protein synthesis and stimulation of gluconeogenesis.
    • Decreased adenine nucleotide phosphorylation state accompanied increased gluconeogenesis and was linked to protein synthesis inhibition.

    Conclusions:

    • Glucagon and fatty acids inhibit hepatic protein synthesis through a mechanism dependent on adrenal function.
    • The regulation of protein synthesis by these agents is linked to gluconeogenesis and adenine nucleotide phosphorylation, not NAD reduction.
    • Adrenalectomy disrupts the signaling pathways mediating glucagon and fatty acid effects on protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis.