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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

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Genome editing as a national security threat.

K Esvelt, P D Millett

    Revue Scientifique Et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)
    |August 29, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Genome editing technologies present novel national security risks, including advanced biological weapons and human enhancement. Understanding these threats requires careful policy and regulatory consideration.

    Keywords:
    Arme biologiqueBiosecuriteBiotechnologieGeneGenomeRisque biologique

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    Area of Science:

    • Biotechnology
    • National Security
    • Bioethics

    Background:

    • US intelligence community testimony linked genome editing to national security threats, a departure from prior assessments.
    • Individual biotechnologies are rarely singled out as security threats; advances are usually considered collectively.
    • The classified rationale for singling out gene editing tools necessitates further analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore three potential national security implications of genome editing technologies.
    • To analyze the distinct risks and policy responses associated with each implication.
    • To address the novel security landscape presented by advanced biotechnologies.

    Main Methods:

    • Conceptual analysis of genome editing applications.
    • Review of national security threat assessment frameworks.
    • Exploration of potential biological weapon development pathways.
    • Consideration of human enhancement and its indirect security impacts.

    Main Results:

    • Genome editing could enable advanced biological weapons.
    • Ecological applications of genome editing may facilitate novel bioweapons.
    • Human enhancement via genome editing could indirectly impact national security (e.g., cognitive ability, soldier endurance).

    Conclusions:

    • Genome editing presents multifaceted national security challenges.
    • Distinct policy and regulatory strategies are needed for each identified risk.
    • Proactive assessment and governance are crucial for mitigating potential threats from gene editing.