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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

12.2K
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

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The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

724
Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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CoreValve Double Jeopardy: Embolized Valve Capture With Subsequent Valve.

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Prosthesis embolization during self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve replacement is a severe complication. A novel technique using a second prosthesis successfully captured the embolized device, offering a new treatment option.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with self-expanding prostheses is a common procedure.
  • Prosthesis embolization is a rare but serious complication during TAVR.
  • High deployment and improper sizing are key etiologies of prosthesis embolization.

Observation:

  • A case of self-expanding prosthesis embolization into the aorta during TAVR is presented.
  • Manipulation of an embolized prosthesis in the ascending aorta carries high risks of stroke and aortic dissection.
  • Traditional treatments include endovascular snares or open surgery, both with significant risks.

Findings:

  • A novel endovascular technique was successfully employed to manage prosthesis embolization.
  • A second self-expanding prosthesis was used to capture the embolized prosthesis in situ.
  • This approach avoided the need for open surgery or risky manipulation with snares.

Implications:

  • This case demonstrates a potentially safer and effective alternative for managing TAVR prosthesis embolization.
  • The described technique may reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this complication.
  • Further investigation into this technique could refine TAVR complication management strategies.