Prognostic Cardiovascular Markers in Chronic Kidney Disease
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Updated: Feb 6, 2026
Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Published on: June 16, 2014
Szu-Chia Chen1,2,3,4, Jiun-Chi Huang1,2,3,4, Ho-Ming Su5,2,4
1Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Insights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly increases cardiovascular risks, leading to heart disease and mortality. Identifying these risks using cardiac and vascular markers is crucial for patient management and intervention.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are global health concerns.
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a primary cause of mortality in CKD patients.
- CKD-associated risk factors induce cardiac and vascular remodeling, leading to serious cardiovascular complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review clinical outcomes in CKD patients.
- To investigate the utility of cardiac and vascular markers in assessing CKD outcomes.
- To identify risk factors for improved prevention and intervention strategies.
Main Methods:
- Survey of clinical outcomes in CKD.
- Utilized cardiac markers: echocardiography, systolic time intervals, electrocardiography, heart rate variability.
- Employed vascular markers: ankle-brachial index, pulse wave velocity, interarm/interankle blood pressure differences, vascular calcification.
Main Results:
- CKD and ESRD are linked to significant morbidity and mortality, primarily due to CVD.
- Cardiac and vascular remodeling are common in CKD, contributing to heart failure and atherosclerosis.
- Various cardiac and vascular markers can be used to assess clinical outcomes in CKD patients.
Conclusions:
- Aggressive identification and management of risk factors are essential for CKD patients.
- Cardiac and vascular markers provide valuable insights into the prognosis of CKD.
- Early intervention strategies based on these markers can potentially slow disease progression and reduce mortality.
Abstract:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), including end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a public health issue worldwide, and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. In addition, cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality in these patients. Both traditional and nontraditional risk factors associated with CKD can lead to remodeling of the myocardium and blood vessels, thereby resulting in cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness. This can subsequently lead to ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cardiovascular death, rapid renal progression and progression to ESRD. Identifying these risk factors to allow for aggressive preventive and interventional strategies is important for the management of patients with CKD. This aim of this review was to survey the clinical outcomes of CKD using cardiac and vascular markers including echocardiographic parameters, systolic time intervals, electrocardiography, heart rate variability, ankle-brachial index, pulse wave velocity, differences between interarm and interankle blood pressure, and vascular calcification.
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