Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

32.0K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
32.0K
Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System I: Subjective Data01:17

Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System I: Subjective Data

671
Assessing the gastrointestinal (GI) system is a complex process that begins with collecting subjective data. This data, collected through patient interviews, provides crucial insights into the patient's health history, perception patterns, and lifestyle habits, all contributing significantly to GI health.
Health History
The initial step in assessing the GI system is obtaining a comprehensive health history. This includes inquiring about the patient's history or presence of problems...
671
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data01:23

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data

855
A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
855
Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments02:46

Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments

52.9K
Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
52.9K
Measurement: Standard Units03:38

Measurement: Standard Units

80.9K
Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.
80.9K
Uncertainty in Measurement: Significant Figures03:34

Uncertainty in Measurement: Significant Figures

83.1K
All the digits in a measurement, including the uncertain last digit, are called significant figures or significant digits. Note that zero may be a measured value; for example, if a scale that shows weight to the nearest pound reads “140,” then the 1 (hundreds), 4 (tens), and 0 (ones) are all significant (measured) values.
83.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Model misspecification, measurement error, and apparent supralinearity in the concentration-response relationship between PM2.5 and mortality.

PloS one·2024
Same author

A simulation-based assessment of the ability to detect thresholds in chronic risk concentration-response functions in the presence of exposure measurement error.

PloS one·2022
Same author

Using Uncertainty Analysis to Improve Consistency in Regulatory Assessments of Criteria Pollutant Standards.

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·2019
Same author

Integrated Uncertainty Analysis for Ambient Pollutant Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Ozone Mortality Risk.

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·2017
Same author

Author Synthesis and Response.

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·2016
Same author

Inconsistencies in Risk Analyses for Ambient Air Pollutant Regulations.

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

88.0K

Setting Air Quality Standards for PM2.5 : A Role for Subjective Uncertainty in NAAQS Quantitative Risk Assessments?

Anne E Smith

    Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
    |August 29, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has reduced quantitative uncertainty analysis in air quality risk assessments, diminishing their relevance. This article proposes process changes to better inform policy decisions for national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS).

    Keywords:
    Concentration-response relationshipparticulate mattersubjective probability

    More Related Videos

    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
    05:00

    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment

    Published on: June 17, 2020

    5.6K
    A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
    14:43

    A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

    Published on: January 12, 2018

    13.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

    Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
    19:15

    Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

    Published on: August 25, 2014

    88.0K
    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
    05:00

    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment

    Published on: June 17, 2020

    5.6K
    A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
    14:43

    A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

    Published on: January 12, 2018

    13.5K

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Risk Assessment
    • Public Health Policy

    Background:

    • The U.S. Clean Air Act mandates the EPA to set and review National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for pollutants.
    • Setting NAAQS involves evaluating health risks without cost-benefit analysis, often requiring judgment on diminishing evidence of harm at lower exposures.
    • Characterizing subjective uncertainty in risk estimates is crucial but has been increasingly omitted in EPA's NAAQS reviews.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the historical development and subsequent elimination of quantitative uncertainty analysis in EPA's NAAQS risk assessments.
    • To analyze the decreasing relevance of risk assessments to administrative decisions for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) NAAQS.
    • To propose process modifications for NAAQS risk assessments to improve scientific evidence synthesis and inform policy decisions.

    Main Methods:

    • Historical review of EPA's methodologies for quantifying subjective uncertainty in risk assessments.
    • Analysis of risk assessment documentation for three past NAAQS reviews of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
    • Qualitative assessment of the role of uncertainty judgments in administrative decision-making.

    Main Results:

    • Early EPA risk assessments incorporated quantitative methods for subjective uncertainty, but these were progressively eliminated.
    • Despite increasing reliance on uncertainty judgments, formal analysis was removed from risk assessments for PM2.5.
    • Current risk assessments lack relevance to NAAQS decision-making due to the absence of robust uncertainty characterization.

    Conclusions:

    • The elimination of quantitative uncertainty analysis has rendered EPA risk assessments less useful for NAAQS decisions.
    • Reintroducing systematic uncertainty analysis is essential for risk assessments to meaningfully support the Administrator's policy choices.
    • Proposed process changes aim to better integrate scientific evidence and subjective uncertainty to inform, not dictate, NAAQS policy.