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Related Concept Videos

What are Cells?01:07

What are Cells?

201.2K
Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
Basic Characteristics of Cells
A living cell has a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipids that separates the aqueous solution inside the cell called the cytoplasm from the outside environment.
Furthermore, a living cell possesses genetic information...
201.2K
What are Cells?01:15

What are Cells?

49.1K
Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium, or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
Basic Characteristics of Cells
A living cell has a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipids that separates the aqueous solution inside the cell called the cytoplasm from the outside environment.
Furthermore, a living cell possesses genetic information...
49.1K
What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
130.9K
Chemistry of the Cell02:58

Chemistry of the Cell

48.1K
The cell is chemically composed of water, organic molecules and inorganic ions.
Water
The polarity of the water molecule and its resulting hydrogen bonding makes water a unique substance with special properties that are intimately tied to the processes of life. Life originally evolved in an aqueous environment, and most of an organism’s cellular chemistry and metabolism occur inside the aqueous contents of the cell’s cytoplasm. Special properties of water are its high heat capacity...
48.1K
Concentration Cells02:41

Concentration Cells

25.9K
A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
Consider the following voltaic cell:
25.9K
Cell Size01:22

Cell Size

128.6K
Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
Surface Area
Cells can take in nutrients and water via diffusion through the plasma membrane itself or through specific channels in the membrane. The area of the membrane surrounding...
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Related Experiment Video

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Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
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Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

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Update on mantle cell lymphoma.

Kami Maddocks1

  • 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.

Blood
|August 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) treatment involves chemo-immunotherapy, but relapses are common. Novel targeted therapies and risk-stratification are crucial for improving outcomes in this rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Lymphoma Research

Background:

  • Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a generally poor prognosis.
  • Current frontline treatment often involves chemo-immunotherapy, but patients frequently relapse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current treatment strategies for MCL, including frontline and relapsed settings.
  • To discuss emerging targeted therapies and prognostic markers for MCL management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on MCL treatment guidelines and clinical trials.
  • Analysis of the impact of novel agents like ibrutinib on MCL therapy.
  • Evaluation of prognostic markers such as minimal residual disease (MRD).

Main Results:

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Derivation of Thymic Lymphoma T-cell Lines from Atm-/- and p53-/- Mice
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Derivation of Thymic Lymphoma T-cell Lines from Atm-/- and p53-/- Mice

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  • Standard treatment for young, fit patients includes aggressive chemo-immunotherapy with rituximab and cytarabine, followed by stem cell transplant and maintenance rituximab.
  • Older patients typically receive chemo-immunotherapy followed by rituximab maintenance.
  • Targeted therapies are approved for relapsed MCL, but outcomes after ibrutinib progression remain poor, necessitating combination strategies and novel agents.

Conclusions:

  • Despite advances, MCL relapse is inevitable, highlighting the need for improved therapeutic strategies.
  • Ibrutinib has changed relapsed MCL treatment, but further research into combinations and novel agents for refractory disease is essential.
  • Future MCL treatment will likely involve risk-stratification, MRD monitoring, and non-chemotherapeutic approaches.