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A Three-Dimensional Collagen-Elastin Scaffold for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering.

Xinmei Wang1, Mir S Ali2, Carla M R Lacerda3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA. xinmei.wang@ttu.edu.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers engineered a 3D collagen-elastin scaffold mimicking heart valve extracellular matrix. This scaffold effectively promotes valvular endothelial cell mesenchymal transition, advancing tissue engineering and cell-matrix interaction studies.

Keywords:
collagen-elastin constructgel scaffoldsheart valve regenerationvalvular interstitial cell phenotypes

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, particularly collagen and elastin, is crucial for tissue engineering.
  • Understanding how ECM components guide cellular behavior is key to designing stimuli-responsive tissues.
  • Collagen-elastin matrices can promote endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) for 3D tissue fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a 3D collagen-elastin scaffold mimicking native heart valve ECM.
  • To create an in vitro 3D co-culture model of valve interstitial cells (VICs) and valve endothelial cells (VECs).
  • To investigate the role of the scaffold in VEC-mesenchymal transition.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 3D collagen-elastin hydrogel scaffold.
  • Encapsulation of VICs within the hydrogel.
  • Culture of VECs on the scaffold surface to establish a 3D VEC-VIC co-culture.
  • Monitoring of cell proliferation, morphology, and expression of integrin β1 and F-actin over seven days.

Main Results:

  • VICs maintained stable integrin β1 and F-actin expression, proliferated, and elongated.
  • VECs maintained their endothelial phenotype for up to five days.
  • By day seven, over 20% of VECs transitioned to a mesenchymal phenotype, evidenced by increased actin filaments and integrin β1 expression.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D collagen-elastin scaffold successfully mimics heart valve ECM properties.
  • The scaffold serves as a novel platform for studying cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in vitro.
  • This model advances understanding of valvular endothelial cell mesenchymal transition, crucial for tissue engineering applications.