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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
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High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
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Dynamical coupling between a nuclear spin ensemble and electromechanical phonons.

Yuma Okazaki1,2, Imran Mahboob3, Koji Onomitsu3

  • 1NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan. yuma.okazaki@aist.go.jp.

Nature Communications
|August 30, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We demonstrate a novel method to control nuclear spins using an electromechanical resonator. This technique enables coherent coupling between sound and nuclei, paving the way for advanced quantum technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Solid-state physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • High-quality factor resonators are crucial for hybrid quantum systems.
  • Nuclear spins offer long relaxation times for quantum memories and sensors.
  • Current nuclear spin manipulation requires high magnetic fields, incompatible with superconducting resonators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate an electromechanical resonator for nuclear spin manipulation.
  • To explore the coupling between tunable phonon states and nuclear spins.
  • To overcome limitations of existing hybrid quantum systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an electromechanical resonator with an electrically tunable phonon state.
  • Applying a dynamically oscillating strain field to a nuclear spin ensemble.
  • Observing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) frequency shifts and sidebands.

Main Results:

  • Observed NMR frequency shifts due to dynamical strain.
  • Detected NMR sidebands generated by electromechanical phonons.
  • Demonstrated a prototype system for sound-nucleus coherent coupling.

Conclusions:

  • The developed system enables quantum state engineering for nuclear spins.
  • This approach facilitates mechanical cooling of solid-state nuclei.
  • Opens new avenues for hybrid quantum systems and quantum sensing.