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Human T Lymphotropic Virus and Pulmonary Diseases
Apio R N Dias1,2, Luiz F M Falcão2,3, Aline S C Falcão3
1Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.
Frontiers in Microbiology
|August 30, 2018
Summary
Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes serious lung issues like alveolitis and bronchiectasis. HTLV-1 infection also increases the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis, highlighting the need for more research on these pulmonary complications.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Pulmonology
- Virology
Background:
- Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is linked to myelopathy and leukemia.
- Chronic inflammation from HTLV-1 can cause pulmonary complications like alveolitis and bronchiectasis.
- HTLV-1 infection may increase susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize current knowledge on HTLV-1 and pulmonary diseases.
- To highlight the association between HTLV-1 and lung complications.
- To identify research gaps and future directions.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on HTLV-1 and pulmonary manifestations.
- Analysis of clinical findings, including CT scans and pulmonary function tests.
- Examination of immune response alterations in HTLV-1 carriers.
Main Results:
- Individuals with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) exhibit distinct CT scan anomalies and pulmonary function changes.
- HTLV-1 infection is associated with increased risk of pulmonary tuberculosis.
- Altered innate immunity in asymptomatic carriers and immunodepression in ATL/L patients contribute to pulmonary risks.
Conclusions:
- There is a significant, yet under-recognized, link between HTLV-1 infection and pulmonary diseases.
- Pulmonary complications in HTLV-1 are diverse, ranging from inflammatory conditions to opportunistic infections.
- Further research is crucial to understand and manage HTLV-1-related lung pathology.
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