Gammaherpesvirus infections in equids: a review

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Virology
• Equine Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Equid gammaherpesviruses (EGHVs) have been recognized for decades, but detailed characterization is recent.
• These viruses are genetically diverse and implicated in numerous clinical syndromes in equids.
• Their precise roles in host immune modulation and disease pathogenesis remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated review of equid gammaherpesvirus taxonomy, epidemiology, and associated clinical syndromes.
• To highlight the challenges in linking EGHVs to specific diseases and their diagnostic/therapeutic significance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of published research on equid gammaherpesviruses.
• Synthesis of information on taxonomy, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations.

Main Results:

• EGHVs represent a genetically heterogeneous subfamily with significant presence in horses and other equids.
• Numerous clinical syndromes, particularly respiratory infections, are reported in association with EGHVs.
• Challenges exist in definitively linking EGHV infections to specific pathological conditions.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the complex interactions between EGHVs and their hosts is crucial.
• Continued research is essential for improved diagnostics and therapeutics for EGHV-associated diseases in equids.