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Related Experiment Video

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Preparation and Characterization of Nanoliposomes for the Entrapment of Bioactive Hydrophilic Globular Proteins

Preparation and Characterization of Nanoliposomes for the Entrapment of Bioactive Hydrophilic Globular Proteins

Published on: August 31, 2019

Entrapped paradoxical thromboembolism.

Roger W Byard^1,2

¹Faculty of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 2 Helen Mayo Building North, Frome Road, Adelaide, 5005, Australia. roger.byard@sa.gov.au.

Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology

|August 30, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A rare autopsy case revealed a large paradoxical embolus entrapped in a patent foramen ovale. This unusual finding did not contribute to the patient's fatal pulmonary thromboembolism.

Keywords:

Atrial septal defect Deep venous thrombosis Paradoxical embolus Pulmonary thromboembolism Shunting

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Pathology
Vascular Medicine
Autopsy Studies

Background:

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) can lead to pulmonary embolism (PE).
Paradoxical embolism occurs when venous emboli cross intracardiac shunts into systemic circulation.
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a potential route for paradoxical embolism.

Observation:

Autopsy of a 67-year-old obese woman revealed extensive deep venous thrombosis and bilateral pulmonary thromboemboli.
A significant 165 mm paradoxical thromboembolus was found entrapped within the patent foramen ovale between the atria.
The patient died from acute right-sided heart decompensation due to pulmonary outflow tract obstruction.

Findings:

The primary cause of death was bilateral pulmonary thromboemboli causing acute right-sided decompensation.
The large paradoxical thromboembolus, despite its size and location, was entrapped and did not contribute to the fatal event.
This case highlights the rare possibility of paradoxical emboli becoming lodged in a PFO.

Implications:

Paradoxical emboli pose a risk for systemic ischemia but can rarely become sequestered.
Entrapment of paradoxical emboli in a PFO, though rare, is a critical autopsy finding.
Understanding these rare events is crucial for diagnosing and managing thromboembolic disease.