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Immunohistochemical Pitfalls in Genitourinary Pathology: 2018 Update
Roni M Cox1, Cristina Magi-Galluzzi, Jesse K McKenney
1Robert J. Tomsich Institute of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
Advances in Anatomic Pathology
|August 30, 2018
Summary
Immunohistochemistry aids surgical pathology diagnoses in genitourinary cancers. This review details its use in prostate, kidney, and testis cancers, highlighting diagnostic challenges and pitfalls.
Area of Science:
- Surgical Pathology
- Genitourinary Pathology
- Immunohistochemistry
Background:
- Morphologic diagnosis in surgical pathology can present challenges.
- Immunohistochemistry offers valuable insights for accurate diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the utility of immunohistochemistry in genitourinary pathology.
- To highlight diagnostic dilemmas and specific pitfalls in utilizing immunophenotypic analysis.
Main Methods:
- Review of common diagnostic scenarios in prostate, kidney, and testis pathology.
- Discussion of immunohistochemical markers and their application.
Main Results:
- Immunohistochemistry aids in diagnosing limited prostatic adenocarcinoma and distinguishing high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma from urothelial carcinoma.
- It assists in identifying urothelial lineage in metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary site.
- In kidney pathology, it helps differentiate poorly differentiated renal cell carcinoma from urothelial carcinoma and epithelioid angiomyolipoma, aids in recognizing hereditary renal neoplasia, and diagnoses metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
- For testis tumors, it aids in distinguishing germ cell tumors from sex cord-stromal tumors and diagnosing metastatic germ cell tumors.
Conclusions:
- Immunohistochemistry is a crucial adjunct in genitourinary surgical pathology.
- Understanding specific pitfalls is essential for accurate immunophenotypic diagnosis.
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