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Does Exercise Alter Gut Microbial Composition? A Systematic Review.

Cassie M Mitchell1,2, Brenda M Davy1,2, Matthew W Hulver1,2

  • 1Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|August 30, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regular exercise positively impacts gut microbes, increasing beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria and fecal butyrate levels. This association was observed in both rodents and humans, though human study quality requires improvement for definitive conclusions.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Exercise physiology
  • Mammalian gut health

Background:

  • The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health.
  • Understanding factors influencing gut microbial composition is vital.
  • Exercise is a potential modulator of the gut microbiome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize existing literature on the association between exercise and gut microbial composition in mammals.
  • To evaluate the quality and consistency of findings across different species and study designs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Inclusion of studies from multiple databases (e.g., PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library).
  • Analysis of 25 eligible studies, including rodent, canine, equine, and human research, assessing various exercise types and dietary controls.

Main Results:

  • Exercise consistently promoted diversification within the Firmicutes phylum across studies.
  • No consistent trends were observed in Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, or Proteobacteria phyla.
  • Exercise was associated with increased butyrate-producing bacteria and fecal butyrate concentrations, independent of diet in rodents and humans.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise demonstrably alters gut microbial composition and enhances butyrate production.
  • The quality of evidence from human studies is currently low, with unclear risk of bias.
  • Further high-quality research with standardized reporting and strict dietary control is necessary to elucidate exercise's precise influence on the gut microbiome.