All-sense-all networks are suboptimal for sensorimotor synchronization

In human groups that seek to synchronize to a common steady beat, every member can typically perceive every other member. We question whether this naturally occurring all-sense-all condition is optimal for temporal coordination. We consider alternative configurations represented by directed graphs, in which individuals can only hear or see a subset of others. We identify a trade-off in the topology of such networks: While denser graphs provide stronger coupling, improving synchrony, density increases sensitivity to early taps, which produces rushing. Results from an experimental study with music conservatory students show that networks that combine short path length with low density match all-sense-all networks in synchrony while yielding a steadier beat. These findings suggest that professional teams in arts, sports, industry, and the military may improve temporal coordination by employing technology that strategically configures who can track whom.