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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
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Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
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Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence...
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Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Actinide Organometallic Complexes with π-Ligands.

Olaf Walter1

  • 1European Commission-Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security-G. I. 5, Postfach 2340, 76125, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Organometallic chemistry of actinides has advanced, with new structural data on transuranium elements like neptunium and plutonium. Ligand flexibility influences actinide contraction effects in these complexes.

Keywords:
actinidesf-block elementsneptuniumorganometallicplutonium

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Actinide Chemistry

Background:

  • Review of recent developments in actinide organometallic chemistry.
  • Focus on transuranium actinides (neptunium, plutonium) and their complexes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare structural data of recently published organometallic complexes.
  • To analyze the influence of ligands on structural features and bonding.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation and analysis of structural data from approximately 15 organometallic complexes.
  • Comparison of molecular structures based on ligand properties.

Main Results:

  • All reviewed complexes involve π-ligands in the metal ion's coordination sphere.
  • Steric demands of ligands affect the prominence of actinide contraction.
  • Observed flexibility in the actinide ion-π-ligand interplay.

Conclusions:

  • The actinide ion-ligand interaction is flexible, accommodating various oxidation states.
  • Structural features are modulated by ligand steric properties, influencing actinide contraction.
  • Stable organometallic bonds can form across a wide range of actinide oxidation states.