Catalytic Reaction Mechanism in Native and Mutant Catechol- O-methyltransferase from the Adaptive String Method and...

Catechol- O-methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the methylation reaction of dopamine by S-adenosylmethionine, increasing the reaction rate by almost 16 orders of magnitude compared to the reaction in aqueous solution. Here, we combine the recently introduced adaptive string method and the mean reaction force method, in combination with the structural and electronic descriptors to characterize the reaction mechanism. The catalytic effect of the enzyme is addressed by the comparison of the reaction in the human wild-type enzyme, in the less effective Y68A mutant, and in aqueous solution. The influence of these different environments at different stages of the chemical process and the significance of the key collective variables describing the reaction were quantified. Our results show that the native enzyme limits the access of water molecules to the active site, enhancing the interaction between the reactants and providing a more favorable electrostatic environment to assist the S_N2 methyl transfer reaction.