Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

65.6K
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
65.6K
What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

80.3K
Overview
80.3K
Multi-input and Multi-variable systems01:22

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

425
Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence of...
425
Heat Engines01:10

Heat Engines

3.7K
A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work used for various applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train.
Whenever we consider heat engines (and associated devices such as refrigerators and heat pumps), we do not use the standard sign convention for heat and work. For convenience, we assume that the symbols Qh, Qc, and W represent only the amounts of heat transferred...
3.7K
Specific Heat01:16

Specific Heat

67.5K
The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
For example, increasing the temperature of one gram of water by 1°C requires one calorie of heat energy and can be written as 1 cal/g-°C, or...
67.5K
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

2.8K
Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bispecific 10E8.4/iMab broadly neutralizing antibody in people with or without HIV-1: a partially randomized phase 1 trial.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

LP.8.1-directed COVID-19 mRNA vaccines durably boost neutralizing antibodies and mitigate ancestral immune imprinting.

PLoS pathogens·2026
Same author

Serum neutralisation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b influenza is largely mediated by neuraminidase-directed antibodies.

The Lancet. Microbe·2026
Same author

LP.8.1-directed COVID-19 mRNA vaccines durably boost neutralizing antibodies and mitigate ancestral immune imprinting.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

ACE-2-like Enzymatic Activity in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Monoclonal Antibodies.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Distinct allosteric remodeling of HIV-1 Env dynamics on virions by gp41-directed antibodies reveals two modes of neutralization.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3
11:10

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Published on: December 27, 2010

12.8K

Engineering multi-specific antibodies against HIV-1.

Neal N Padte1, Jian Yu1, Yaoxing Huang1

  • 1Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.

Retrovirology
|August 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Multi-specific antibodies combining multiple targeting parts show promise for blocking diverse HIV-1 strains and preventing resistance. Engineering these complex antibodies is key to their success against the HIV-1 epidemic.

Keywords:
Bispecific antibodyHIV-1Multi-specific antibodyNeutralizing antibodyPassive immunizationTrispecific antibody

More Related Videos

Amplification of Near Full-length HIV-1 Proviruses for Next-Generation Sequencing
10:18

Amplification of Near Full-length HIV-1 Proviruses for Next-Generation Sequencing

Published on: October 16, 2018

12.7K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Replication and Infectivity
10:12

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Replication and Infectivity

Published on: June 14, 2024

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3
11:10

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Published on: December 27, 2010

12.8K
Amplification of Near Full-length HIV-1 Proviruses for Next-Generation Sequencing
10:18

Amplification of Near Full-length HIV-1 Proviruses for Next-Generation Sequencing

Published on: October 16, 2018

12.7K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Replication and Infectivity
10:12

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Replication and Infectivity

Published on: June 14, 2024

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Virology
  • Biotechnology and Antibody Engineering

Background:

  • Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are advancing in HIV-1 clinical trials.
  • Combinations of mAbs are crucial for combating diverse HIV-1 strains and preventing resistance.
  • Multi-specific antibodies offer enhanced neutralization breadth and a higher barrier to viral resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in engineering monoclonal, bispecific, and trispecific antibodies against HIV-1.
  • To highlight the enhanced breadth and potency of these multi-specific antibodies.
  • To present a case study on developmental challenges for multi-specific antibodies in clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on HIV-1 antibody engineering.
  • Analysis of advancements in monoclonal, bispecific, and trispecific antibody design.
  • Inclusion of a case study illustrating clinical development hurdles.

Main Results:

  • Multi-specific antibodies demonstrate improved neutralization breadth and potency against HIV-1.
  • Enhanced avidity and spatiotemporal functional activity contribute to superior antiviral activity.
  • Developmental challenges exist but the potential of multi-specific antibodies is significant.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-specific antibodies represent a powerful strategy against the HIV-1 epidemic.
  • Engineering creativity and development acumen are critical for their successful clinical translation.
  • These advanced antibody formats hold great promise for reducing HIV-1 infection and disease.