Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026
13:53
Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes
Published on: December 19, 2020
5.4K
Glycoconjugate vaccines: Principles and mechanisms
1GlaxoSmithKline, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy. rino.r.rappuoli@gsk.com.
Science Translational Medicine
|August 31, 2018
Summary
Bacterial conjugate vaccines are safe and effective, but current infant immunization schedules may not optimize antibody responses. Further research can unlock the full potential of these vital glycoconjugate vaccines.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Bacterial conjugate vaccines are crucial for infants, adolescents, and the elderly, representing significant advancements in vaccinology.
- These vaccines link polysaccharides to proteins, creating T cell epitopes essential for B cell maturation in germinal centers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze data from animal and clinical studies to understand the immunological mechanisms of conjugate vaccines.
- To identify potential improvements for conjugate vaccine efficacy and optimize immunization schedules.
Main Methods:
- A collective analysis of existing data from animal experiments and human clinical trials.
- Review of current immunological knowledge to explain observed vaccine responses.
Main Results:
- Infants exhibit distinct immune responses to conjugate vaccines compared to adolescents and adults.
- Current recommended vaccination schedules achieve only 10-35% of the maximum possible antibody titer.
Conclusions:
- The full potential of glycoconjugate vaccines is not yet realized with existing immunization strategies.
- Understanding age-specific immune responses can guide the development of more effective conjugate vaccine schedules.
Related Concept Videos
01:51Vaccinations
51.7K
Overview
51.7K
04:08The Uncertainty Principle
32.0K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
32.0K
01:49Hardy-Weinberg Principle
76.4K
Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
76.4K
03:06The Pauli Exclusion Principle
59.4K
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
59.4K
03:02The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule
73.0K
To determine the electron configuration for any particular atom, we can build the structures in the order of atomic numbers. Beginning with hydrogen, and continuing across the periods of the periodic table, we add one proton at a time to the nucleus and one electron to the proper subshell until we have described the electron configurations of all the elements. This procedure is called the aufbau principle, from the German word aufbau (“to build up”). Each added electron occupies the...
73.0K
01:30Cancer Vaccines
1.1K
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
1.1K