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Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: atypical presentation in otorhinolaryngology
Savitha Subramani1, Prasanna Kumar Saravanam1, Rashmika Rajendran1
1ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Sri Ramachandra University Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
BMJ Case Reports
|August 31, 2018
Summary
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is rising globally, particularly in India. This study highlights three unusual head and neck EPTB cases, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis of these complex presentations.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
- Medical Case Reports
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries.
- The incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is increasing due to factors such as HIV co-infection and the use of immunomodulating drugs.
- EPTB accounts for 15%-20% of all TB cases and over 50% of cases in HIV-TB co-infected individuals.
Observation:
- This report details three atypical presentations of extrapulmonary TB in the head and neck region.
- These cases illustrate the diverse and often non-specific ways EPTB can manifest.
- Extrapulmonary TB can mimic a wide range of other medical conditions.
Findings:
- Atypical EPTB presentations in the head and neck can pose diagnostic challenges.
- Early recognition of unusual EPTB symptoms is crucial for effective management.
- Prompt diagnosis can significantly reduce patient morbidity and mortality.
Implications:
- Increased awareness of unusual EPTB manifestations is vital for clinicians.
- Diagnostic protocols should consider EPTB in cases with atypical head and neck presentations.
- Timely diagnosis and treatment of EPTB can improve patient outcomes and reduce disease burden.
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