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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

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Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools
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[Navigation Surgery for Bladder Cancer by ALA-PDD].

Hideo Fukuhara1, Keiji Inoue

  • 1Dept. of Urology, Kochi Medical School.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|August 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary

5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic diagnosis offers real-time, accurate bladder cancer detection during surgery. This fluorescence navigation system enhances lesion and margin identification, improving clinical diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Surgical Navigation

Background:

  • Intraoperative fluorescence navigation systems are emerging as a key advancement in endoscopic techniques.
  • Accurate, real-time cancer diagnosis is crucial for effective clinical management.
  • Identifying precise tumor margins is essential for successful surgical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-based photodynamic diagnosis for bladder cancer.
  • To demonstrate the utility of fluorescence navigation in enhancing intraoperative diagnosis.
  • To highlight the real-time detection capabilities for lesions and margins.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing photosensitive substances to create fluorescence in target lesions.
  • Employing an intraoperative fluorescence navigation system for real-time imaging.

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  • Integrating color image analysis for enhanced visualization during surgery.

    • Main Results:

    • The 5-ALA-based photodynamic diagnosis system enables clear visualization of target lesions via fluorescence.
    • The system accurately detects both the lesion and its margins in real time.
    • Fluorescence imaging provides critical data for intraoperative decision-making.

    Conclusions:

    • 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic diagnosis is a valuable tool for bladder cancer surgery.
    • Intraoperative fluorescence navigation significantly improves the accuracy of lesion and margin detection.
    • This technique represents a next-generation approach to endoscopic cancer diagnosis.