Four Ca2+-dependent proteinase activities isolated from crustacean muscle differ in size, net charge, and sensitivity...

Four Ca2+-dependent proteinase activities in lobster claw and abdominal muscle have been resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography on gel filtration and ion-exchange columns. These activities, which do not appear to be generated by autolytic or other degradative processes, differed from each other in molecular weight (peak I, Mr = 310,000; peak IIa, Mr = 125,000; peak IIb, Mr = 195,000; peak III, Mr = 59,000) and net charge, as indicated by elution from an ion-exchange column with a NaCl gradient. Although optimum activity occurred at 5-10 mM Ca2+ at pH 6.8, the enzymes differed in activation at lower Ca2+ concentrations. The concentrations required for half-maximal activation were 0.6 mM for peak III, 1 mM for peak I, 1.5 mM for peak IIa, and 2 mM for peak IIb. Only the peak III proteinase was active at 100 microM Ca2+; none were active at 10 microM and below. Although the lobster Ca2+-dependent proteinases were all inhibited, from 75 to 98%, by the cysteine proteinase inhibitors leupeptin, N-[N-(L-3-trans-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)-L-leucyl]agmatine, and iodoacetamide, they showed differential responses to the aspartic proteinase inhibitor pepstatin and the serine proteinase inhibitor phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. Peak I was moderately (26%) inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, whereas peaks IIb and III were inhibited 26 and 90%, respectively, by pepstatin. This is the first description of multiple forms of Ca2+-dependent proteinase that require Ca2+ at millimolar levels in any tissue, either vertebrate or invertebrate.