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Related Concept Videos

Isotopes01:12

Isotopes

64.7K
Elements have a set number of protons that determines their atomic number (Z). For example, all atoms with eight protons are oxygen; however, the number of neutrons can vary for atoms of the same element. The sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called isotopes. Elements can have multiple isotopes, for example, carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14.
An element's atomic mass, or weight,...
64.7K
Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

126.4K
A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
126.4K
Encoding01:19

Encoding

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Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
867
Isotopes and Radioisotopes01:28

Isotopes and Radioisotopes

12.6K
In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing...
12.6K
Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect01:13

Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect

4.3K
Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
4.3K
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

4.2K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Stable Isotopic Profiling of Intermediary Metabolic Flux in Developing and Adult Stage Caenorhabditis elegans
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Selenium-Encoded Isotopic Signature Targeted Profiling.

Jinjun Gao1,2, Fan Yang1, Jinteng Che1

  • 1Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

ACS Central Science
|August 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new computational method, SESTAR, uses selenium's natural isotopes to detect trace selenoproteins. This tool enhances the study of selenium's biological roles and aids in identifying new therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Proteomics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Selenium is an essential trace element crucial for human health, primarily functioning through selenoproteins.
  • Selenoproteins, containing selenocysteine, are difficult to detect due to low abundance and uneven distribution, limiting functional studies.
  • Existing proteomic methods struggle with the sensitive and comprehensive detection of these vital proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel computational method for sensitive detection of selenoproteins in complex proteomic data.
  • To leverage the unique isotopic signature of selenium for enhanced protein identification.
  • To improve the understanding of selenoprotein distribution and function in human tissues and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Developed SESTAR (Selenium-encoded Isotopic Signature Targeted Profiling), a computational tool utilizing natural selenium isotopic distribution.
  • Validated SESTAR using synthetic selenopeptides, demonstrating femtomole detection sensitivity.
  • Applied SESTAR to analyze shotgun-proteomic data from the Human Proteome Map and chemical-proteomic datasets.

Main Results:

  • SESTAR significantly improved the detection of native selenoproteins in tissue proteomes.
  • Provided a comprehensive map of selenoprotein distribution in human hematopoietic cells and tissues.
  • Facilitated the identification of additional selenoprotein targets for RSL3, a ferroptosis inducer.

Conclusions:

  • SESTAR is a powerful computational tool for global profiling of native selenoproteomes.
  • The method enhances the identification of target proteins, post-translational modifications, and protein-protein interactions.
  • SESTAR advances the study of selenium biology and its implications in human health and disease.