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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
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Interactions between anticancer active platinum complexes and non-coding RNAs/microRNAs.

Bernhard Biersack1

  • 1Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.

Non-Coding RNA Research
|August 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) significantly influence how cancer cells respond to platinum-based drugs like cisplatin. These small RNA molecules regulate both the effectiveness and resistance to platinum therapies in various cancers.

Keywords:
5-FU, 5-fluorouracilAnticancer drugsCBDCA, cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylateCarboplatinCisplatinDACH, 1,2-diaminocyclohexaneDDP, cisplatinEGCG, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallateEOX, epirubicin/oxaliplatin/xelodaFOLFOX, folinate/5-FU/oxaliplatinGC, gemcitabine/cisplatin, gastric cancerLNA, locked nucleic acidMVAC, methotrexate/vinblastine/adriamycin/cisplatinMicroRNAOxaliplatinPlatinum complexesXELOX, xeloda/oxaliplatindTTP, deoxythymidine triphosphate

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Platinum(II) complexes, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, are mainstays in solid tumor treatment.
  • Cancer cell behavior and drug response are modulated by non-coding RNA, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate relationship between platinum-based chemotherapy and microRNAs.
  • To discuss how microRNAs impact platinum drug efficacy and resistance across different cancer types.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating platinum drugs and microRNAs.
  • Analysis of research on miRNA-mediated regulation of platinum sensitivity and resistance.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs play a dual role, capable of both enhancing platinum drug activity and mediating tumor resistance.
  • Specific miRNAs have been identified as key regulators in the response to platinum-based therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding miRNA-platinum drug interactions is crucial for optimizing cancer treatment strategies.
  • Targeting miRNAs presents a potential avenue for overcoming resistance to platinum chemotherapy.