The noncoding-RNA landscape in cardiovascular health and disease
Vittoria Di Mauro1,2, Maria Barandalla-Sobrados1,2, Daniele Catalucci1,2
1National Research Council, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.
Insights
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators of biological processes and are implicated in cardiovascular disorders. This review explores ncRNA mechanisms, roles in heart disease, and therapeutic potential for novel treatments.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Biology
- Molecular Genetics
- RNA Biology
Background:
- The cardiovascular system is vital for homeostasis; disruptions lead to diseases, a leading cause of death.
- Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) challenge the protein-central dogma, regulating numerous biological processes.
- ncRNAs are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanistic aspects of ncRNA classes, including biogenesis and action.
- To elucidate the involvement of ncRNAs in cardiac diseases.
- To describe the therapeutic potential of ncRNAs and their delivery technologies.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on ncRNA function and cardiac disease.
- Analysis of ncRNA biogenesis and mechanisms of action.
- Exploration of ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies and in vivo delivery systems.
Main Results:
- ncRNAs play significant roles in regulating cardiovascular homeostasis and development.
- Dysregulation of ncRNAs is linked to various cardiac pathologies.
- ncRNAs show promise as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusions:
- ncRNAs are critical regulators in cardiovascular health and disease.
- Understanding ncRNA mechanisms is key to developing novel therapeutic interventions.
- Advanced delivery technologies enhance the potential of ncRNAs as future cardiovascular drugs.
Abstract:
The cardiovascular system plays a pivotal role in regulating and maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Therefore any alteration in regulatory networks that orchestrate heart development as well as adaptation to physiological and environmental stress might result in pathological conditions, which represent the leading cause of death worldwide [1]. The latest advances in genome-wide techniques challenged the "protein-central dogma" with the discovery of the so-called non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Despite their lack of protein coding potential, ncRNAs have been largely demonstrated to regulate the majority of biological processes and have also been largely implicated in cardiovascular disorders. This review will first discuss the important mechanistic aspects of some of the classes of ncRNAs such as biogenesis, mechanism of action, as well as their involvement in cardiac diseases. The ncRNA potential uses as therapeutic molecules, with a specific focus on the latest technologies for their in vivo delivery as drug targets, will be described.
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